Acrobatic
flight. Manoeuvres
intentionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt change in its
attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal variation in speed.
ADS-C
agreement. A reporting plan
which establishes the conditions of ADS-C data reporting (i.e. data required by
the air traffic services unit and frequency of ADS-C reports which have to be
agreed to prior to using ADS-C in the provision of air traffic services).
Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated
route, within which air traffic advisory service is available.
Advisory
route. A designated route along
which air traffic advisory service is available.
Aerodrome. A defined area on land or water (including any
buildings, installations equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in
part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.
Aerodrome
control service. Air traffic
control service for aerodrome traffic.
Aerodrome
control tower. A unit
established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic.
Aerodrome
traffic. All traffic on
the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of
an aerodrome.
Aerodrome
traffic zone. An airspace of
defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of
aerodrome traffic.
Aeronautical
Information Publication (AIP).
A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical
information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
Aeronautical
station (RR S1.81). A land
station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an
aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board ship or on a
platform at sea.
Aeroplane. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving
its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain
fixed under given conditions of flight.
Airborne
collision avoidance system (ACAS).
An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals
which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the
pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR
transponders.
Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere
from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the
earth’s surface.
Air-ground
control radio station. An
aeronautical telecommunication station having primary responsibility for
handling communications pertaining to the operation and control of aircraft in
a given area.
Air-taxiing. Movement of a helicopter/VTOL above the surface of
an aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less
than 37 km/h (20 kt).
Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring
area of an aerodrome.
Air traffic
advisory service. A service
provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical,
between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans.
Air traffic
control clearance.
Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air
traffic control unit.
Air traffic
control service. A service
provided for the purpose of:
a) preventing
collisions:
1) between aircraft, and
2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and
obstructions, and
b) expediting and
maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.
Air traffic
control unit. A generic term
meaning variously, area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome
control tower.
Air traffic
service. A generic term
meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic
advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach
control service or aerodrome control service).
Air traffic
services airspaces. Airspaces of
defined dimensions, alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights
may operate and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are
specified.
Air traffic
services reporting office.
A unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic
services and flight plans submitted before departure.
Air traffic
services unit. A generic term
meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air
traffic services reporting office.
Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the
form of a corridor.
Alerting
service. A service
provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of
search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.
Alternate
aerodrome. An aerodrome to
which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable
to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing where the
necessary services and facilities are available, where aircraft performance
requirements can be met and which is operational at the expected time of use.
Alternate aerodromes include the following:
·
Take-off
alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land
should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to
use the aerodrome of departure.
·
En-route
alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land in
the event that a diversion becomes necessary while en route.
·
Destination
alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land
should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of
intended landing.
Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an
object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL).
Approach
control service. Air traffic
control service for arriving or departing controlled flights.
Approach
control unit. A unit
established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights
arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes.
Appropriate
ATS authority. The relevant
authority designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic
services in the airspace concerned.
Appropriate
authority.
a. Regarding flight over the high seas: The relevant
authority of the State of Registry.
b. Regarding flight other than over the high seas: The
relevant authority of the State having sovereignty over the territory being
overflown.
Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to
accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or
cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.
Area control
centre. A unit
established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in
control areas under its jurisdiction.
Area control
service. Air traffic
control service for controlled flights in control areas.
Area
navigation (RNAV). A method of
navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within
the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of
the capability of self-contained aids, or a
combination of
these.
ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the flow
of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services.
Automatic
dependent surveillance — broadcast (ADS-B). A means by which aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and
other objects can automatically transmit and/or receive data such as
identification, position and additional data, as appropriate, in a broadcast
mode via a data link.
Automatic
dependent surveillance — contract (ADS-C). A means by which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will
be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link,
specifying under what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what
data would be contained in the reports.
Ceiling. The height above the ground or water of the base of
the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 metres (20 000 feet) covering more than
half the sky.
Changeover
point. The point at which an
aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency
omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navigational
reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of
the aircraft.
Clearance
limit. The point to which an
aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance.
Command and
control (C2) link. The data
link between the remotely piloted aircraft and the remote pilot station for the
purposes of managing the flight.
Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a
specified limit above the earth.
Controlled
aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to
aerodrome traffic.
Controlled
airspace. An airspace of
defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in
accordance with the airspace classification.
Controlled
flight. Any flight which
is subject to an air traffic control clearance.
Controller-pilot
data link communications (CPDLC).
A means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC
communications.
Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the
surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.
Cruise climb. An aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net
increase in altitude as the aeroplane mass decreases.
Cruising
level. A level maintained during a
significant portion of a flight.
Current
flight plan. The flight plan,
including changes, if any, brought about by subsequent clearances.
Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within which
activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times.
Data link
communications. A form of
communication intended for the exchange of messages via a data link.
Detect and
avoid. The capability to see, sense
or detect conflicting traffic or other hazards and take the appropriate action.
Estimated
off-block time. The estimated
time at which the aircraft will commence movement associated with departure.
Estimated time
of arrival. For IFR flights,
the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over that
designated point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which it is
intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no
navigation aid is associated with the aerodrome, the time at which the aircraft
will arrive over the aerodrome. For VFR flights, the time at which it is
estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome.
Expected
approach time. The time at which
ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the
holding fix to complete its approach for a landing.
Filed flight
plan. The flight plan as filed with
an ATS unit by the pilot or a designated representative, without any subsequent
changes.
Flight crew
member. A licensed crew
member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a
flight duty period.
Flight
information centre. A unit
established to provide flight information service and alerting service.
Flight
information region. An airspace
of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting
service are provided.
Flight
information service. A service
provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe
and efficient conduct of flights.
Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is
related to a specific pressure datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is
separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic
services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an
aircraft.
Flight
visibility. The visibility
forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight.
Ground
visibility. The visibility at
an aerodrome as reported by an accredited observer or by automatic systems.
Heading. The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an
aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic,
compass or grid).
Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
considered as a point, measured from a specified datum.
IFR. The symbol used to designate the instrument flight
rules.
IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument
flight rules.
IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological
conditions.
Instrument
approach procedure. A series of
predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection
from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the
beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be
completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which
holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply. Instrument approach
procedures are classified as follows:
·
Non-precision
approach (NPA) procedure. An instrument approach procedure which utilizes
lateral guidance but does not utilize vertical guidance.
·
Approach procedure
with vertical guidance (APV). An instrument approach procedure which utilizes
lateral and vertical guidance but does not meet the requirements established
for precision approach and landing operations.
·
Precision approach
(PA) procedure. An instrument approach procedure using precision lateral and
vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation.
Instrument
meteorological conditions.
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological
conditions.
Landing area. That part of a movement area intended for the landing
or take-off of aircraft.
Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of
an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level.
Manoeuvring
area. That part of an aerodrome to
be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
Movement
area. That part of an aerodrome to
be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring
area and the apron(s).
Operator. A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or
offering to engage in an aircraft operation.
Pilot-in-command. The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case
of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe
conduct of a flight.
Pressure-altitude. An atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of
altitude which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere
Problematic
use of substances. The use of
one or more psychoactive substances by aviation personnel in a way that:
a) constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers
the lives, health or welfare of others; and/or
b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or
physical problem or disorder.
Prohibited
area. An airspace of defined
dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which
the flight of aircraft is prohibited.
Psychoactive
substances. Alcohol,
opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other
psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and
tobacco are excluded.
Radiotelephony. A form of radiocommunication primarily intended for
the exchange of information in the form of speech.
Remote pilot.
A person charged by the operator with duties essential
to the operation of a remotely piloted aircraft and who manipulates the flight
controls, as appropriate, during flight time.
Remote pilot
station. The component of
the remotely piloted aircraft system containing the equipment used to pilot the
remotely piloted aircraft.
Remotely
piloted aircraft (RPA). An unmanned
aircraft which is piloted from a remote pilot station.
Remotely
piloted aircraft system (RPAS).
A remotely piloted aircraft, its associated remote pilot station(s), the
required command and control links and any other components as specified in the
type design.
Repetitive
flight plan (RPL). A flight
plan related to a series of frequently recurring, regularly operated individual
flights with identical basic features, submitted by an operator for retention
and repetitive use by ATS units.
Reporting
point. A specified geographical
location in relation to which the position of an aircraft can be reported.
Restricted
area. An airspace of defined
dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which
the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified
conditions.
RPA observer. A trained and competent person designated by the
operator who, by visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists
the remote pilot in the safe conduct of the flight.
Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome
prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.
Runway-holding
position. A designated
position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an
ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall
stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the aerodrome control tower.
Safety-sensitive
personnel. Persons who might
endanger aviation safety if they perform their duties and functions improperly including,
but not limited to, crew members, aircraft maintenance personnel and air
traffic controllers.
Signal area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground
signals.
Special VFR
flight. A VFR flight
cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in
meteorological conditions below VMC.
Taxiing. Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an
aerodrome under its own power, excluding take-off and landing.
Taxiway. A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the
taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the
aerodrome and another, including:
a.
Aircraft stand
taxilane. A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide
access to aircraft stands only.
b.
Apron taxiway. A
portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a
through taxi route across the apron.
c.
Rapid exit
taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to
allow landing aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on
other exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy times.
Terminal
control area. A control area
normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or
more major aerodromes.
Total estimated
elapsed time. For IFR flights,
the estimated time required from take-off to arrive over that designated point,
defined by reference to navigation aids, from which it is intended that an
instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no navigation aid is
associated with the destination aerodrome, to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
For VFR flights, the estimated time required from take-off to arrive over the
destination aerodrome.
Track. The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of
an aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in
degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid).
Traffic
avoidance advice. Advice provided
by an air traffic services unit specifying manoeuvres to assist a pilot to
avoid a collision.
Traffic
information. Information
issued by an air traffic services unit to alert a pilot to other known or
observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended
route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision.
Transition
altitude. The altitude at
or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference
to altitudes.
Unmanned free
balloon. A non-power-driven,
unmanned, lighter-than-air aircraft in free flight.
VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight
rules.
VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual
flight rules.
Visibility. Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater
of:
a.
the greatest
distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the
ground, can be seen and recognized when observed against a bright background;
b.
the greatest
distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1 000 candelas can be seen and
identified against an unlit background.
Visual
line-of-sight (VLOS) operation.
An operation in which the remote pilot or RPA observer maintains direct unaided
visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft.
Visual
meteorological conditions.
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
conditions.
